Speed-regulator for explosive-engines.



No. 680,758. Patented Aug. 20, [90L J. BBELLIEB fix. E. MAIFHUS'. SPEED REGULATOR FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

(Application filed Oct 10, 1899.) (No Model.)

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No. 680,758. Patented Ann. 20, IQDL J. BRELLIER & E. MARIUS. SPEED REGULATOR FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

FApplication filed Oct. 10, 1899.)

(No Model.)

-5 Sheets--Sheet 2.

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Patented Aug. 20, 190i.

J. BRELLIER & E. MARIUS. SPEED REGULATOR FOR EXPLUSIVE ENGINES.

(Application filed Oct. 10, 1899.)

5 SheeisSheat 3.

(No Model.)

' INVENI'ORS- & WMM/EVS No. 680,758. Patented Aug. 20, l90i.

J. BHELLIER 8:. E. MMHUS. SPEED REGULATOR FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

(Application .filed Oct. 10, 1899.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

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J. BRELLIEB 1. E. MARBUS. SPEED REGULATOR FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

(No Model.)

WITNESSES:

(Application filed. Oct. 10, 1899.)

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JEAN BRELLIER, OF BRUSSELS, AND EMILE MARIUS, OF UCCLE, BELGIUM.

SPEED-REGULATOR FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent NO. 680,758, dated August 20, 1901.

Application filed October 10, 1899. Serial No. 733,192. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JEAN BRELLIER, res1d1n g at Brussels, and EMILE MARIUs, residing at Uccle, in the Kingdom of Belgium, citizone of the French Republic, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Explosion-Motors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to motors actuated by an explosive mixture and working with a variable volume of a mixture of uniform composition and in which an auxiliary piston is freely displaced in the compressionchamber. In nearly all these types of motors the auxiliary compression-chamber that is to say, the space situatedto the rear of the auxiliary pistonrequires generally to be placed in communication with the atmosphere at a certain moment during the stroke of the working piston. In others the auxiliary piston constitutes a buffer either with liquid or spring power. The first of these arrangements affects the obtaining of a uniform compression owing to the variations in the proportions of the volumes of air and explosive mixture admitted at the various admissions, while the latter arrangement presents the inconvenience of limiting the variations in the charges tothe displacement of the auxiliary piston. Our improved invention differs from arrangements of this kind,inasmuch as it permits the obtaining of a uniform compression and also the variations of the charges within the widest limits,

and such arrangement is characterized by the combination with the auxiliary piston of a storing-chamber having variable capacity,

into which the explosive mixture after be-.

ing drawn during the whole suction-stroke is forced and kept separately in an automatic manner from the firing mixture during the periods of explosion, expansion, and exhaust. i

In the accompanying drawings, which by way of an example show a convenient form of construction, Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 21s a sectional plan, of the general arrangement of the improved motor. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan, drawn to a larger scale, of the rear portion of the motor; and Fig. 4 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the previous figure, Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-section taken on the line X Y of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 shows a horizontal section of a modified form of construction of our invention. Referring more particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, the motor comprises a motor-cylinder 1,in-

which moves a working piston 2, operating through the intervention of a connecting-rod 3 and a crank at of the motor-shaft 5, upon which are keyed the fly-wheel 6 and wormwheel 7 for actuating a worm 8, fast on the end of a longitudinally-disposed shaft 9.

According to our invention we affix to the end of the motor-cylinder 1 a compressionchamber 10, in which is arranged an auxiliary piston 11. (Shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5.) This piston 11 has an opening 12, adapted to be closed by a valve 13, the stem 14 of which passes through the hollow rod 15 of the auxiliary piston 11 and is controlled by a spring 16 and lever 17, actuated by a cam 18 upon the longitudinal shaft 9. This shaft operates, by means of a beveled pinion 19, a wheel 20, keyed to the lower end of the vertical spindle of the governor 21, which latter through the intervention of a lever 22 effects a longitudinal displacement of the cam 18 upon the shaft 9. The longitudinal shaft also controls, by means of cams 23 24, Fig. 5, levers 25 26, operating the exhaust-valve 27 and the ignition-regulating valve 28, Fig. 4, respectively. The admission is effected by an automatically-operated valve 29, lodged in a tubular chamber 30 for the gas-supply, which opens into the rear of the chamber 10. This arrangement operates as follows in connection with a four-cycle motor: The mixture supplied from the carburetor (not shown in the drawings) enters from the chamber 30 into the chamber 10, the valve 29 opening automatically. At this moment the auxiliary piston is at the end of its stroke and near the motor-piston. During the entire period of aspiration-that is to say, during the stroke of the motor-piston-the valve 13 is operated by the lever 17, which acts on its rod let, so opening the passage 12 and allowing the mixture from the chamber 10 to flow into the motor cylinder. The motor-piston having arrived at the end of its stroke, said motorcylinder and the chamber 10 are filled with explosive mixture. From this moment the automatic admission-valve 29 is closed. The mix-tn re cannot escape either from the motorcylinder 1 nor from the chamber 10 and is (admission which must notbe confounded with the volume drawnin,which never varies) the cam 18, sliding on the shaft 9, ceases to act, owing to the action of the governor 21 upon the'lever 17 at the end .of the suctionstroke. The lever thereby isremoved 'from the'rod 14 of the valve 13, and the spring-16 now acts on the rod, so as to closethevalve 13. The piston 11, which is-free,yis therefore subjected to the pressure exerted by'themotor-piston upon the mixture duringits re turn or compression stroke. Under the pres sure and at the rateat whichitincreases'the piston 11 is forced toward the rear of the chamber 10, thereby compressing theportion of the mixture contained 'in such chamber. It will'be evident that'the pressure in' the motor-cylinder 1 is balanced bythat'in the chamber 10. Now if the volume'of the compression or storing chamber 10 is, for example, five times-smaller than thetotal volume of the cylinder and the chamber'lO the compression obtained at the end of the.compres-' sion phase will be in the motor-cylinder, as also in the chamber 10, fivetimes greater than at the-startthat is to say, it will be-five atmospheres. In other words, if we take; the volumeofthe useful cylinder-space of the cylinder at eight and that of the chamber 10 at two the total volume I drawn in willbe 8 2:10. Atthe end of the compression this volume ten will only occupya volume equal tothat of the storing-chamber 10, being two, and therefore the compression will be 10-2-2 5 atmospheres. The volume eight will be rednced to 8+5=1.6, which volume exists between the motor-piston and the distributing or. auxiliary piston 11, while the original volume two will be 2-2-5:O.4, existing, between the auxiliary piston 11 and the chamber 10.

Supposing that the valve 13 after having.

beenkept open for the whole duration of the suctionst-roke is still kept open during the first half of the co mpression-stroke, then until this moment the auxiliary piston 11, with its passage 12 open, rests in its initial position at the end of its stroke toward the motor-piston 2, the pressure being the same at each side of it; but as soon as the motor-piston has accomplished the first half of its compressionstroke and the valve 13 closes, the auxiliary piston 11 is subjected to the pressure of the mixture which is being furthercompressed by the motor-piston. The auxiliary piston 11 is thereby forced toward the bottom of the :l.666. At this pressure the port-ion of the mixture contained in the chamber 10 if restored back to atmospheric pressurethat is tosay, to that which existed during the suction periodwould occupy a volume equal to that of the chamber 10 multiplied by the actually-existing pressure or 2 X 1.666:3.332. From this it must beconcluded that a quantity of mixture equal to the difference: between-3.3322:1.332 has entered the chamber 10' by reason of-the compression. This quantity must necessarily have been taken from the volume of gas drawn in the motor; cylinder, which volume is reduced by the same amount, and which therefore atthe moment of'theclosing of the valve 13 is This volume of 6.068 is' 81.-332:6.668. therefore in the present case the charge for ignition. The valve 13 being closed, the motor-piston 2 continues its compressionstroke. The auxiliary piston- 11, with its passages closed by the valve '13, is subjected from this moment upon its face adjacent to the motorpiston to the pressure exerted by this latter-in the motor-cylinder and is driven toward the bottom endof the chamber 10, thus compressing between it and the bottom of the said chamber'the portion of the mixture contained in such chamber. The pressures on both sides of the auxiliary pistonll-balance each" other, and as there ison one side of the motor-cylinder a volume or cbarge the weight ofwhich isequal to the weight of such mixture, which would have a volume equal to 6.668 at atmospheric pressure, and at the other side a volume the weight of which is equal 'to the weight of such mixture, which would have a volume equal to 3.332 at atmospheric pressure, there is always present a total volume of mixture corresponding to the weight of such mixture which would have a volume equal to ten at atmospheric pressure, which is exactly the total volumeof mixture drawn in. Now this volume ten occupies at the end of the compression-stroke only a space equal to the volume of the chamber 10, being equal to two, and therefore the pressure at this moment is 10+2=5. The volume of the charge given as 6.668 subjected to this pressure occupies a volume equal to 6.668:- 5:1.3336, and the Volume of the mixture in the chamber 10 is equal to 3.332+5:O.6664.

In case,where the total suppression of the charge takes place the Valve 13 remains open during the entire compression-stroke and the total volume of ten drawn in will at the end of this stroke be driven into the chamber 10 without the auxiliary piston 13 being operated at all during the whole of the compression-stroke of the motor-piston. At the end of the compression the mixture forming the charge is ignited in the ordinary manner by the action of the lever 26 lifting the valve 28. As this explosion would tend to drive the auxiliary piston 11 toward the bottom of the chamber 10, it is necessary to firmly wedge the piston at the precise moment when the compression terminates. This wedging may be effected in any convenient manner, preferably as shown in the drawings, by means of a second auxiliary piston 31, disposed in a cylindrical extension 32, containing a liquid. The liquid may be heavy oil, not too viscous or volatile, rendering inoperative the piston 11 during the period of explosion and expansion. In order to permit of the displacement of the piston 11 in that part of the compression stroke during which the valve 13 is closed, the liquid is allowed to escape through a passage 33, provided with a valve 34, which is kept open during the whole period of the exhaust-stroke, the suctionstroke, and the compression-stroke of the motor-piston and which closes automatically through the action of a cam at the precise moment when the compression-stroke terminates. From the start of the exhaust period the valve 34; is opened again, the auxiliary piston 11 under the pressure of the mixture compressed between it and the bottom of the chamber 10 returns automatically to the end of its stroke near the motor-piston, while at the same time the liquid required for wedging the piston 11 is drawn in by the piston 31 ready for the next compression-stroke. The auxiliary piston 11 is thus by the end of the exhaust-stroke always in the position which it should occupy at the start of the suction-stroke.

In the example hereinbefore described the necessary communication between the motorcylinder 1 and the storing-chamber 10 is offected by the aid of the valve 13, disposed in the auxiliary piston 11. This valve may, however, be arranged in any other convenient positionfor example, in apassage forming communication between the parts at front and at the rear of the compression-chamber.

Fig. 6 shows an example merely of a suitable construction of this arrangement. In

this example the valve 28 is lodged in a conduit 35, forming communication between the chamber 10 and motor-cylinder 1 during the suction-stroke and during the whole or that part of the compression-stroke corresponding to the necessary volume of mixture for maintaining the auxiliary piston 11 at the front. This auxiliary piston is wedged at the end of the compression period in the manner already explained by the aid of the piston 31. In this arrangement, the same as in that represented in Figs. 1 to 5, the forward movement of the auxiliary piston 11 is limited by a stop 36. The portion of the conduit 35 which opens above the valve 28 may also-serve for the exhaust which takes place through the valve 27 to be operated.

Having now particularly described and as certained the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is- 1. In an explosion motor working with charges of variable volume but with invariable compression, the combination with the main cylinder and piston, of a chamber in the rear of said cylinder, a movable auxiliary piston interposed between the cylinder and chamber, a communication between the cylinder and chamber, a valve controlling the said communication, the said valve being arranged to remain open during the whole of the suction-stroke, a governor operated from a moving part of the engine and means operated from said governor for varying the point of closing of the valve in the compressionstroke and thereby to regulate the volume of charge in the compression-chamber, substantially as described.

2. In an explosion motor working with chargesof variable volume but with invariable compression, the combination with the main cylinder and piston, of a chamber 10 in rear of said cylinder, a movable auxiliary piston 11 interposed between the cylinder and chamber, a valve in said auxiliary piston arranged to remain open during the whole of the suction-stroke, a governor operated from a moving part of the engine, and means operated from said governor for varying the point of closing of the valve in the compression-stroke and thereby to regulate the volume of charge in the compression-chamber, substantially as described.

In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands in presence of two witnesses.

JEAN BRELLIER.

EMILE MARIUS. \Vitnesses:

MAURICE GERBEAULT, GREGORY PHELAN. 

